All this is in spite of the Data Protection Act 2018, which places firm restrictions on the transfer of policing data to overseas locations2.
The seemingly obvious answer is to simply maintain self-owned private Clouds in on-premises servers, but much legacy infrastructure is unable to accommodate the growing volumes of data generated, stored, and transferred on a daily basis, and many organisations have come to depend on public Cloud platforms, such as Microsoft Azure, Office 365, and Amazon Web Services - as part of their day-to-day operations.
Put simply, these platforms have simply not been designed to handle data with the highest security classifications, particularly when it comes to guaranteeing its true sovereignty. This situation is compounded by the fact that many of these hyperscalers may be subject to regulations outside the UK, such as the US' Patriot Act, that can lead to them being subpoenaed to provide those governments with access to the data stored on their platforms.